St.  Louis,  1903 


California 
legional 
'acility 


LOUISIANA  PURCHASE  EXPOSITION  COMPANY, 
ST.  LOUIS,  U.  S.  A. 


P.  4. 


Jtx&s  <-:*  v:  r  '-ci  y  ^7  a  )i  j 
*tu 


-,-.mtti 


.bru.'tfi£J<*n'  ** 


y^ 


/£nt 


-  ';<  &  -t  t 


^sO 


•NAPOLEON 


THE  PURCHASE. 

"We  have  lived  long,  but  this  is  the  noblest  work  of  our  lives. 
From  this  day  the  United  States  take  their  place  among  powers  of 
the  first  rank." 

This  the  American  Minister  said  to  the  Minister  of  France  as 
they  arose  from  the  table  after  signing  the  treaty  of  the  Louisiana 
Purchase. 

The  fulfillment  of  that  prophecy  the  American  Nation  will 
celebrate  with  a  World's  Fair. 

April  30,  1803,  the  treaty  of  mighty  import  was  signed. 

April  30,  1903,  will  bring  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  that 
momentous  event,  and  then  will  open  at  the  chief  city  of  the  Pur- 
chase an  Exposition  of  the  Nation's  growth  and  greatness. 

With  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Nation  was  born. 

With  the  Purchase  of  Louisiana  Territory,  the  Nation  arrived 
at  majority. 

The  man  who  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence  in  1776 
sat.  in  the  White  House  27  years  later  and  directed  the  acquisition  of 
what  became  known  as  "Jefferson's  West." 

The  price  was  $15,000,000.  The  money  had  to  be  borrowed. 
Stephen  Girard,  the  Philadelphia  philanthropist,  negotiated  the  loan. 

The  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  enters  upon  the  period  of 
preparation  with  $15,000,000  already  provided  toward  the  cost. 

It  is  one  of  the  coincidences  that  the  amount  secured  in  advance 
for  the  celebration  of  this  Centennial,  is  exactly  what  was  paid  for 


the  Territory.  The  Territory  thus  acquired,  stands  to-day  for  $6,- 
600,000,000  of  taxable  wealth.  It  is  seven  times  as  large  as  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland ;  four  times  as  large  as  Germany  or  France. 

GENESIS  OF  THE  FAIR. 

The  genesis  of  this  coming  World's  Fair  was  an  evolution. 

A  dozen  years  ago  James  G.  Blaine,  speaking  of  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  to  the  Merchants'  Exchange  of  St.  Louis,  said : 

"Your  growth,  gentlemen,  is  the  growth  of  the  Republic. 
But,"  he  continued,  "I  feel  I  have  one  reproach  against  this  Trans- 
Mississippi  department.  My  reproach  to  every  foot  and  to  every 
inhabitant  of  the  territory  of  Louisiana  is  that  on  its  surface,  which 
represents  a  third  part  of  the  United  States,  there  is  not  a  statue 
raised  to  the  honor  of  Thomas  Jefferson." 

It  was  a  reproach.  The  just  ground  for  it  was  acknowledged. 
Sentiment  for  some  form  of  celebration  which  should  emphasize  the 
wisdom  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  and  glorify  the  man  who  made 
it,  has  been  growing.  The  people  of  the  Purchase  discussed  one 
form  after  another,  for  the  observance  of  this  Centennial.  When 
the  thought  of  a  World's  Fair  was  first  expressed  it  received  little 
attention.  When,  in  February,  1898,  a  St.  Louis  member  of  Con- 
gress introduced  a  bill  for  a  World's  Fair  at  St.  Louis  in  1903,  it 
passed  almost  unnoticed.  Ten  days  later  the  Maine  was  sunk.  The 
bill  slumbered. 

In  the  summer  of  1898  the  Missouri  Historical  Society  of  St. 
Louis  moved  formally  in  the  matter  of  the  Centennial  celebration. 
A  committee  of  fifty  men,  fully  representing  the  city's  interests,  was 
named  to  consider  plans.  The  deliberation  showed  that  the  plans 
considered  at  that  time  were  limited  to  a  monument  for  Jefferson,  a 
building  for  the  Historical  Society,  or  the  creation  of  a  memorial 
park.  But  none  of  these  was  satisfying.  Months  of  consideration 
brought  the  conviction  that  the  Centennial  called  for  observance  in 
the  form  of  a  World's  Fair. 

To  the  Governor  of  Missouri  the  committee  went  with  the  sug- 
gestion that  the  States  and  Territories. of  the  Purchase.be  called  in 
consultation.  The  Governor  of  Missouri  formally  invited  the  other 
Governors  of  the  Purchase  to  send  delegates  to  a  convention  at  St. 
Louis,  and  they  did  so.  The  invitation  set  forth  the  purpose  to  be 
"consideration  of  the  form  the  observance  of  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase Centennial  should  take." 

THE  TERRITORY'S  DECISION. 

Every  State  and  Territory  in  the  Purchase  responded.  The 
Louisiana  Purchase  Centennial  convention  met  in  St.  Louis  January 
10th,  1899.  Organization  was  effected  with  the  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor  of  Iowa,  Mr.  J.  C.  Milliman,  as  President. 


Delegates  were  present  from  Arkansas,  Colorado,  Iowa,  Kan- 
sas, Louisiana,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana,  Nebraska,  North 
Dakota,  Oklahoma,  South  Dakota  and  Wyoming. 

The  convention  continued  during  two  days.  The  result  of  it 
was  a  unanimous  decision  that  the  centennial  of  the  Purchase 
should  be  celebrated  by  a  World's  Fair.  In  summing  up  conclu- 
sions, the  delegates,  without  a  dissenting  voice,  declared : 

"We  believe  that  this  object  can  be  best  accomplished  by  an 
Exposition,  international  in  its  character,  where  the  products  of  the 
labor,  skill,  genius,  industry  and  enterprise  of  our  country  are 
brought  into  close  comparison  with  those  of  all  other  countries; 
where  the  peoples  of  the  earth  can  have  an  opportunity  to  behold 
and  study  the  mighty  impress  which  the  influence  of  Liberty  makes 
upon  the  progress  of  man,  and  in  this  great  contest,  where  the 
world  is  the  field,  this  wonderful  valley,  extending  from  the  semi- 
tropical  sea  on  the  south  to  the  semi-frozen  regions  of  the  north, 
will  gladly  submit  its  progress  and  achievements  for  the  first  cen- 
tury of  its  growth,  in  friendly  competition  with  the  results  of  many 
centuries  in  the  older  world." 

The  convention  recommended  that  Congress  be  asked  to  par- 
ticipate through  a  suitable  appropriation. 

A  roll  call  of  States  and  Territories  for  an  opinion  on  the  most 
appropriate  location  for  the  proposed  exposition,  showed  69  votes 
for  St.  Louis  and  8  for  New  Orleans. 

The  Missouri  delegation  asked  to  be  excused  and  did  not  vote. 
On  motion  of  a  delegate  from  Louisiana,  Mr.  Calhoun,  the  selection 
of  St.  Louis  was  made  unanimous. 

The  convention  then  proceeded  to  organize  an  Executive  Com- 
mittee composed  of  three  representatives  from  each  State  and  Ter- 
ritory within  the  Purchase.  This  Executive  Committee  is  in  exist- 
ence to-day  as  an  important  branch  of  the  organization. 

The  convention  further  declared  its  judgment  to  be  that  in 
order  to  insure  success  of  the  proposed  international  exposition  on 
a  scale  worthy  of  its  importance,  it  would  be  necessary  to  obtain  an 
appropriation  of  $5,000,000  from  the  National  Government,  condi- 
tioned upon  a  subscription  of  $5,000,000  by  the  citizens  of  St.  Louis. 

The  judgment  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  that  it  would 
be  necessary  "to  ask  and  obtain  the  amount  of  $5,000,000  from  the 
city  of  St.  Louis  additional  to  the  $5,000,000  subscribed  by  citi- 
zens." 

The  people  of  St.  Louis  acted  promptly  upon  the  decision  of 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  convention  and  its  Executive  Committee. 
An  organization  of  two  hundred  citizens  was  formed,  with  Pierre 
Chouteau  as  Chairman,  with  David  R.  Francis,  as  head  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  and  with  Wm.  H.  Thompson,  as  Chairman  of 
the  Finance  Committee. 


SENTIMENT  AT  WASHINGTON. 

-In  the  month  following  the  convention  at  St.  Louis,  thirty 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  then  formed,  representing  all 
parts  of  the  Purchase,  visited  Washington.  The  committeemen 
canvassed  the  Congressional  delegations  from  their  States.  They 
found  the  responses  to  the  suggestion  of  a  World's  Fair  prompt  and 
emphatic.  Following  the  canvass,  there  was  given  a  dinner,  the 
hosts  of  which  were  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  .Louisiana  Pur- 
chase convention.  The  guests  were  members  of  the  Cabinet,  Sen- 
ators, Representatives  and  Delegates  and  members  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court.  Invitations  were  limited  strictly  to  those 
from  Purchase  States  and  Territories.  The  Cabinet  was  represented 
by  Secretaries  Hitchcock  and  Wilson.  Congress  was  represented 
by  nearly  every  Senator  and  Representative  and  Delegate  within 
the  Purchase.  The  Supreme  Court  was  represented  by  Justices 
Brewer  and  White. 

The  banquet  assumed  a  most  practical  aspect.  A  series  of 
speeches  endorsing  the  decision  of  the  convention  and  pledging 
personal  effort  on  the  part  of  the  guests  to  carry  out  the  recom- 
mendations was  made.  These  addresses  were  characterized  by 
marked  enthusiasm. 

In  the  course  of  his  introductory  remarks,  the  chairman,  David 
R.  Francis,  said: 

"Such  an  exposition  as  we  are  planning  will  be  the  scene  of 
competition  of  the  highest  mechanism  of  the  world,  and  the  theater 
for  the  display  of  the  best  thought  of  the  age.  The  100th  anniver- 
sary of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  should  be  marked  by  the  erection 
of  a  monument  to  THbmas  Jefferson  in  the  capital  or  metropolis  of 
every  State  carved  from  the  Louisiana  territory. 

"On  behalf  of  St.  Louis  I  am  authorized  to  say — and  in  this 
statement  I  am  sustained  by  substantially  all  of  her  progressive, 
public-spirited  merchants,  capitalists  and  laboring-men — the  men 
who  have  made  that  city  what  it  is — and  twenty-five  or  more  of 
them  are  seated  at  this  board — I  am  authorized  to  say  that  the  city 
of  St.  Louis  pledges  her  people  to  raise  at  least  $10,000,000  toward 
preparing  for  such  an  international  exposition  as  will  fitly  commem- 
orate the  Louisiana  Purchase,  provided  the  Federal  government 
will  grant  its  recognition  of  the  exposition,  and  will  evidence  its 
good  will  and  support." 

The  addresses  which  followed  dwelt  upon  the  magnitude  of 
development  within  the  Purchase  limits  and  upon  the  importance 
of  the  Purchase  to  the  whole  country.  There  was  not  an  inharmo- 
nious note  in  that  series  of  talks,  continuing  far  into  the  night. 

The  Executive  Committee  and  the  St.  Louis  delegation  re- 
turned to  their  homes  to  take  up  details  of  preliminary  work.  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives  and  Delegates  who  had  pledged  their 
co-operation,  formed  an  organization  to  encourage  sentiment  on  the 
subject  in  Congress. 


The  Missouri  Legislature  entered  upon  the  necessary  legisla- 
tion for  the  enterprise. 

In  St.  Louis  the  work  of  raising,  by  popular  subscription,  the 
$5,000,000  which  Chairman  Francis  had  promised  at  Washington, 
was  undertaken  with  vigor.  At  a  mass  meeting  held  in  the  great 
Music  Hall,  $4,000,000  was  pledged. 


NATIONAL  LEGISLATION. 

The  Speaker  of  the  House,  Mr.  Henderson,  appointed  a  special 
committee  to  consider  World's  Fair  matters.  In  the  House  the 
initial  World's  Fair  bill  was  introduced  by  Hon.  J.  R.  Lane,  of 
Iowa.  In  the  Senate  a  similar  bill  was  introduced  by  Hon.  Francis 
M.  Cockrell,  of  Missouri. 

At  the  hearings  before  the  special  committee,  appeared  Gov- 
ernors or  other  officials  of  the  Purchase  States.  It  was  asked  that 
Congress  should,  through  enactment,  give  assurance  of  National 
aid  to  the  amount  of  $5,000,000.  This  aid  was  to  be  wholly  depend- 
ent upon  St.  Louis  raising  $10,000,000. 

The  committee  reported  in  favor  of  a  vote  by  the  House  upon 
the  proposition.  Before  the  session  ended  a  provision  in  the  sundry 
civil  bill  committed  Congress  to  this  conditional  aid. 

Especially  significant  and  gratifying  was  the  absence  of  any 
partisanship  or  sectionalism  in  the  action  of  Congress. 

There  was  no  test  vote  in  the  United  States  Senate.  The  pledge 
inserted  in  the  sundry  civil  bill  at  the  first  session  was  adopted  by 
the  Senate  without  division.  Similarly,  at  successive  stages,  the 
Senate  acted  with  practical  unanimity.  The  reports  upon  the  bill 
were,  so  far  as  the  Senate  was  concerned,  unanimous. 

In  the  House  there  was  but  one  roll  call  which  could  fairly 
be  considered  a  test.  That  occurred  on  the  sundry  civil  amend- 
ment. On  the  part  of  several  of  the  leaders  of  the  House  there  was 
doubt  as  to  the  expediency  of  making  a  conditional  appropriation ; 
but  when  the  vote  was  taken,  it  put  that  branch  of  Congress  on 
record  favorably  by  127  ayes  to  75  nays. 

That  vote  of  127  ayes  analyzed,  showed  64  Republicans,  56 
Democrats  and  all  of  the  Populists  and  Silverites  recorded  in  the 
affirmative. 

The  distribution  of  the  support  was  remarkable,  37  of  the  45 
States  contributed  to  the  127  votes. 

Of  the  eight  states  from  which  no  affirmative  votes  were  given, 
six  were  among  those  having  the  smallest  representation.  In  sev- 
eral cases  the  representatives  from  these  states  were  paired  for  the 
bill. 

It  might  be  said  that,  except  when  moved  by  some  great  patri- 
otic impulse,  the  House  very  rarely  has  gone  on  record  with  such 
general  support  of  a  measure  by  all  sections  of  the  country. 


Every  Southern  State  cast  votes  for  the  promise  of  $5,000,000, 
conditional  on  the  action  proposed  by  St.  Louis  and  Missouri. 

With  the  leaders  of  the  House  the  conclusion  was  that  if  St. 
Louis  performed  its  part  of  the  contract  the  appropriation  should 
be  made  at  the  subsequent  session  of  Congress.  The  contract  was 
fulfilled. 

STATE  AND  CITY  ACT. 

At  the  next  election  in  Missouri,  November,  1900,  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  State  was  amended,  not  only  to  permit  the  city  of  St. 
Louis  to  issue  $5,000,000  in  bonds,  but  also  to  authorize  an  appro- 
priation of  $1,000,000  by  the  State  for  its  participation  in  the  expo- 
sition. The  voting  resulted  in  the  passage  of  both  propositions, 
five-sixths  of  the  total  number  being  in  the  affirmative. 

Since  that  election  the  Legislature  has  carried  out  its  part, 
making  the  appropriation  of  $1,000,000  ;  the  municipal  assembly  has 
by  ordinance  authorized  the  issue  of  the  $5,000,000  in  bonds,  and 
the  people  of  St.  Louis  have  subscribed  the  $5,000,000  in  stock. 

The  stockholders  have  paid  in  a  ten  per  cent,  assessment. 

In  February,  1901,  Secretary  Gage,  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, was  furnished  with  the  evidence  that  bona  fide  subscriptions 
to  the  full  amount  stipulated  by  Congress  had  been  secured  and 
that  the  bonds  had  been  legally  authorized.  He  certified  these  facts 
to  Congress. 

The  special  committee  reported  the  bill  providing  an  appro- 
priation by  the  Government  of  $5,000,000.  The  House  passed  it  by 
more  than  a  two-thirds  majority.  There  ensued  some  days  of  delay, 
owing  to  the  desire  of  the  Senate  to  attach  to  the  St.  Louis  proposi- 
tion appropriations  for  the  Buffalo  and  Charleston  expositions,  and 
owing  to  the  unwillingness  of  the  House  to  couple  these  proposi- 
tions to  the  World's  Fair  at  St.  Louis. 

On  the  3rd  of  March,  the  Senate  receded  from  its  position,  and 
the  bill,  as  passed  by  the  House,  was  accepted  with  only  ten  dissent- 
ing votes,  which  were  cast  by  friends  of  the  other  proposed  appro- 
priations. This  action  of  Congress  in  appropriating  $5,000,000  to 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  making  the  government  a 
financial  partner  to  the  extent  of  one-third,  was  practically  unani- 
mous. It  constituted  the  most  notable  legislation  by  Congress  for 
exposition  purposes. 

In  the  Act  making  the  appropriation  the  general  government's 
close  relations  were  clearly  set  forth.  A  National  Commission  was 
provided  for.  That  Commission  President  McKinley  appointed 
before  the  end  of  April.  The  nine  commissioners  are  four  former 
United  States  Senators,  two  former  members  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, a  former  railroad  manager,  a  former  State  official  of 
New  England,  and  a  leading  business  man  of  the  Southwest.  All 
sections  of  the  country  have  representation  in  this  commission, 
which  has  already  held  its  first  meeting  at  St.  Louis  and  entered 
upon  its  duties. 

10 


PREPARATIONS  BEGUN. 

Following  the  action  of  Congress,  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Ex- 
position Company  was  incorporated,  and  the  stockholders  elected 
directors.  The  directors  immediately  organized  by  the  election  of 
officers  and  by  appointment  of  committees. 

The  President  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Company  is  David 
R.  Francis,  former  Mayor  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  former  Governor 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  a  member  of  President  Cleveland's 
Cabinet  during  his^second  Administration. 

Wm.  H.  Thompson,  the  Treasurer,  is  the  President  of  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Commerce  of  St.  Louis. 

The  Directors  stand  for  all  leading  financial,  commercial  and 
professional  interests  of  the  city. 

The  second  month  of  corporate  existence  brings  the  selection 
of  site  to  a  conclusion  and  finds  a  score  of  committees  at  work  upon 
the  general  scope  and  the  numberless  details  of  the  exposition. 

Rapid  as  has  been  the  development  of  this  project  and  recent 
as  has  been  the  final  and  formal  approval  by  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment, five  states  through  their  legislatures  have  already  provided 
for  participation. 

Illinois  has  appropriated  $250,000  and  has  a  Commission  at 
work. 

The  Legislature  of  Kansas  has  appropriated  $75,000  and  has 
provided,  so  far  as  it  can  pledge  its  successor,  for  $75,000  more. 

Colorado  has  appropriated  $50,000 ;  Arkansas,  $40,000,  and 
Wisconsin,  $25,000. 

In  other  States  and  in  the  Territories  preliminary  steps  have 
been  taken  on  the  same  liberal  scale. 

From  intending  exhibitors  in  this  and  foreign  countries  the 
inquiries  about  space  and  other  conditions  far  exceed  in  number 
those  made  at  like  stages  of  progress  with  preceding  expositions. 
It  is  evident  at  this  early  date  that  with  the  management  of  the  St. 
Louis  World's  F"air  the  question  will  not  be  how  to  draw  exhibitors 
but  how  to  keep  exhibits  within  bounds. 

Mention  only  of  the  endorsements  which  this  World's  Fair 
proposition  has  received  from  industrial  and  commercial  bodies 
would  tax  patience.  It  will  not  be  attempted.  But  the  fact  may 
be  recalled  that  the  Southern  Industrial  Convention  which  met  in 
New  Orleans  went  on  record  in  strong  terms  supporting  the  move- 
ment. On  that  occasion  it  was  declared  that  the  delegates  and 
members  of  the  Southern  Industrial  Convention  "urge  not  only 
upon  all  the  states  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase,  but  upon  all  the 
Southern  states,  cities  and  manufacturers  especially,  to  give  to  the 
enterprise  their  hearty  approval,  advocacy  and  co-operation,  in 
order  that  the  industrial  development  of  the  South  and  West  may 
be  practically  placed  before  the  world's  people,  and  that  the  grand 

12 


achievement  of  the  greatest  statesman  of  modern  times,  Thomas 
Jefferson,  be  properly  celebrated  and  his  memory  crowned." 

SCOPE  AND  PROMISE. 

A  few  days  ago  the  question  was  put  to  Dr.  W.  P.  Wilson,  Di- 
rector of  the  great  Philadelphia  Commercial  Museum,  "What  was 
the  chief  material  gain  realized  from  the  Centennial  Exposition  of 
1876?" 

His  reply  was,  "The  impetus  given  to  manufactories  in  Phila- 
delphia and  vicinity.  Our  present  development  in  all  kinds  of  indus- 
tries dates  back  to  that  Exposition  and  its  effect  upon  the  people  of 
the  community." 

As  the  Centennial  was  to  the  Columbian,  so  will  the  Columbian 
stand  to  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition. 

The  prediction  may  seem  rash  at  this  stage  of  preparation,  but 
it  will  work  out. 

There  is  evolution  in  expositions.  The  Centennial  was  a  great 
thing  in  1876.  Everybody  talked  about  it.  Everybody,  who  could, 
visited  it.  Some  statesman  at  Washington  made  a  speech  the  fol- 
lowing winter,  in  which  he  inveighed  bitterly  against  expositions. 
He  told  how  some  of  his  constituents  had  sold  their  winter  stoves 
in  summer  to  get  money  to  go  to  the  Centennial,  and  were  then 
shivering  at  their  homes  in  penance  for  their  folly ! 

The  awakening  of  interest  in  the  Centennial  was  sudden.  It 
came  with  the  opening  of  the  gates,  and  increased  almost  to  a  popu- 
lar craze. 

For  months  after  Chicago  obtained  from  Congress  the  legisla- 
tion to  hold  the  Columbian  Exposition,  the  proposition  was  treated 
in  many  parts  of  the  country  with  incredulity.  Six  months  after 
the  action  of  Congress,  the  Government  Commissioners  found  it 
expedient  to  affirm  in  resolutions,  that  the  Columbian  Exposition 
movement  was  worthy  of  the  serious  consideration  of  the  world. 

The  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  enters  the  field  without 
handicap,  with  the  official  endorsement  and  financial  backing  of 
the  United  States  Government.  It  begins  the  period  of  material 
preparation  with  the  good  will  of  the  whole  country,  and  with  nota- 
ble manifestations  of  interest  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  will  surpass  all  predeces- 
sors. How?  It  is  too  soon  to  tell  in  detail,  but  that  does  not  de- 
tract from  the  promise.  An  exposition  grows  in  the  brains  as  well 
as  by  the  hands  of  its  builders.  Out  of  the  wealth  of  suggestion 
comes  as  naturally  as  germination  of  seed,  the  evolution  of  a 
World's  Fair.  Shadows  of  some  phases  are  being  cast  before. 
They  indicate  no  borrowing,  no  copying. 

Life,  the  human  activities,  it  seems,  will  be  a  strong  feature  in 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition.  A  World's  Fair  of  people  as 
well  as  of  things  is  contemplated. 

13 


Enduring  features  are  engaging  the  attention  of  the  Directors. 
A  World's  Fair  that  shall  create  for  permanence  is  being  planned. 

Processes  of  manufacture,  wherein  actual  production  is  shown, 
will  be  encouraged,  as  being  of  more  interest  to  the  people  than 
still  exhibits. 

These  and  other  tendencies  will  develop  that  which  shall  make 
the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  characteristic,  greater  and  bet- 
ter than  all  international  exhibitions  which  have  preceded  it. 


PLAN  AND  SCOPE  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXPO- 
SITION AT  ST.  LOUIS  IN  1903, 

Celebrating  the  Centennial  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase. 


PLAN. 

The  foundation  plan  of  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  will  be  that 
of  an  exposition  both  national  and  international  in  its  character,  so 
that  not  only  the  people  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Territory,  but 
of  our  Union,  and  all  the  nations  as  well,  can  participate.  It  will  be 
so  projected  and  developed  as  to  ensure  the  active  interest  of  all 
the  peoples  of  the  world  and  induce  their  participation  upon  a  scale 
without  parallel  in  any  previous  exposition. 

It  will  present  in  a  special  degree,  and  in  the  most  comprehen- 
sive manner,  the  history,  the  resources,  and  the  development  of 
the  States  and  Territories  lying  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Louis- 
iana Purchase,  showing  what  it  was  and  what  it  is ;  what  it  con- 
tained and  produced  in  1803  ;  what  it  contains  and  produces  in  1903. 

It  will  make  it  plain  that  the  prophecy  of  1803  has  been  more 
than  fulfilled,  and  show  that  a  veritable  empire  now  lies  between  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Puget  Sound,  within  the  limits  of  the  territory 
Jefferson  obtained  by  the  Louisiana  Purchase. 

It  will  show  the  history,  resources  and  development  of  the 
possessions  of  the  United  States,  including  Porto  Rico,  Alaska, 
Hawaii,  Samoa,  Guam  and  the  Philippines.  It  will  embrace  in  a 
similar  portrayal  Cuba  and  any  other  country  which  may  enjoy  the 
special  and  exceptional  protection  and  guardianship  of  the  United 
States. 

It  will  depart  from  the  plan  of  all  past  expositions  and  make 
life  and  movement  its  distinguishing  and  marked  characteristics. 
To  this  end  it  will  aim  definitely  at  an  exhibition  of  man  as  well 
as  the  works  of  man ;  at  the  presentation  of  manufacturing  indus- 
tries in  actual  conduct  as  well  as  of  the  machines  out  of  action ;  at 
the  exhibition  of  processes  as  well  as  of  completed  products. 

14 


It  will  carefully  plan  in  the  location,  the  construction  and  ar- 
rangement of  all  buildings  and  works  so  as  to  assure  the  highest 
degree  of  convenience,  ease  and  comfort  for  visitors  who  come  to 
inspect  the  wonders  contained  within  its  enclosure.  It  will  make  it 
both  easy  and  comfortable  to  get  to  the  Exposition  Grounds  from 
every  quarter  of  the  city  and  from  every  railway  terminating  in  St. 
Louis.  It  will  in  like  manner  make  it  easy  and  comfortable  to  move 
about  the  Exposition  Grounds,  and  to  pass  from  building  to  build- 
ing and  from  point  to  point  within  every  building  of  large  area. 
In  short,  it  will  make  the  transportation  of  visitors  the  subject  of 
special  study  and  spare  no  expense  in  the  solving  of  this  vital  prob- 
lem, so  that  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  may  go  down  in  history  as 
the  first  great  international  exhibition  which  a  visitor  could  inspect 
without  enduring  fatigue  and  hardship. 

Finally,  it  will  embody  and  illustrate  the  latest  and  most  ad- 
vanced progress  in  the  employment  of  the  energies  of  nature.  It 
will  be  up-to-date  in  the  use  of  all  new  motive  forces,  and  be  fully 
abreast  with  science  in  the  utilization  of  every  novel  invention  or 
discovery  that  has  practical  value. 


SCOPE. 

In  order  that  the  general  plan  outlined  for  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase Exposition  may  be  fulfilled  in  its  actual  accomplishments,  it 
wall  exhibit  the  arts  and  industries,  the  methods  and  processes  of 
manufacture  of  the  whole  world ;  it  will  gather  the  products  of  the 
soil,  mine,  forest  and  sea  from  the  whole  earth. 

It  will  comprehend  man  in  his  full  twentieth  century  develop- 
ment, exhibiting  not  alone  his  material,  but  his  social  advancement. 
It  will  show  humanity  at  rest  as  well  as  at  work,  presenting  man 
in  his  hours  of  recreation,  his  exercises,  his  games  and  his  sports. 
It  will  illustrate  the  modern  home  with  the  infinity  of  comforts  and 
conveniences  that  have  been  brought  into  common  use  within  the 
century  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  will  commemorate. 

It  will  embrace  in  its  scope  a  comprehensive  anthropological 
exhibition,  constituting  a  congress  of  races  and  exhibiting  partic- 
ularly the  barbarous  and  semi-barbarous  peoples  of  the  world  as 
nearly  as  possible  in  their  ordinary  and  native  environments. 

It  will  bring  together  the  wild  life  of  the  forests,  plains  and 
waters,  showing  visitors  a  zoological  collection  of  untrained  and 
untamed  animals  as  nearly  as  practicable  with  the  surroundings  of 
their  native  state. 

The  progressiveness  of  the  Exposition  will  be  most  especially 
manifest  in  the  manner  and  extent  of  its  use  of  artificial  light,  both 
for  purposes  of  illuminating  and  as  a  means  of  decoration.  Electric 
lighting  in  the  latest,  most  striking  and  most  effective  form,  as  well 
as  all  other  new  and  efficient  modes  of  illuminating,  will  be  so  liber- 
ally employed  that  the  Exposition  Grounds  and  Buildings  will  blaze 

15 


with  light  at  n 
tions  of  daylig-.. 

For  the  development  of  the  Exposition  to  the  full  scope  uui- 
lined,  it  will  provide  for  the  housing  and  care  of  exhibits  divided 
into  a  number  of  grand  sections,  each  of  which  will  be  again  divided 
into  departments  and  sub-departments.  The  principal  sections  into 
which  the  Exposition  will  be  divided  will  be  as  follows :  Agricul- 
ture, Anthropology  and  Ethnology,  Athletics  and  Outdoor  Sports 
and  Games,  Chemical  Industries,  Civil  Engineering,  Colonization, 
Decoration,  Furniture,  etc.,  Diversified  Industries,  Education  and 
Instruction,  Electricity,  Fine  Arts,  Food  Stuffs,  Forestry,  History, 
Horticulture  and  Arboriculture,  Liberal  Arts,  Machinery,  Military 
and  Naval,  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  Social  Economy,  Textiles, 
Transportation,  Wild  Animals. 

Adopted  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  Company. 

DAVID  R.  FRANCIS, 

WALTER  B.  STEVENS,  President. 

Secretary. 


LOUISIANA  PURCHASE  EXPOSITION  COMMISSION. 


OFFICERS. 

THOMAS    H.    CARTER President. 

MARTIN   H.   GLYNN Vice-President. 

JOSEPH  FLORY    Secretary. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSIONERS. 

(Appointed  by  the  President.) 

JOHN  M.  THURSTON  Nebraska. 

THOMAS   H.   CARTER .Montana. 

WILLIAM   LINDSAY    Kentucky. 

GEORGE    W.    McBRIDE Oregon. 

FREDERICK  A.   BETTS : Connecticut. 

JOHN  M.  ALLEN Mississippi. 

MARTIN   H.   GLYNN New  York. 

JOHN    F.    MILLER Indiana. 

PHILIP  D.    SCOTT Arkansas. 

16 


A     000  607  479    3 
Louisiana  Purchase  nxposmon  Company, 


OFFICERS. 


DAVID  R.   FRANCIS. 

President. 

CORWIN  H.   SPENCER. 

First  Vice-President. 

SAMUEL   M.   KENNARD. 

Second  Vice-President. 

DANIEL   M.   HOUSER, 

Third    Vice-President. 

CYRUS  P.  WALBRIDGE, 

Fourth  Vice-President. 

WALTER  B.  STEVENS, 
Secretary. 


WM.    H.   THOMPSON, 
Treasurer. 

SETH    W.    COBB. 

Fifth    Vice-President. 

CHARLES   H.   HUTTIG. 

Sixth  Vice-President. 

AUGUST  GEHNER. 

Seventh    Vice-President. 

PIERRE   CHOUTEAU. 

Eighth    Vice-President. 

JAMES  L.   BLAIR. 

General  Counsel. 


A.   A.   Allen. 

James   L.   Blair. 

i',eo.   A.   Baker. 

Nicholas   M.   Bell. 

C.    F.    Blanke. 

V,'.    F.   Boyle. 

A.  L).  Brown. 

George  Warren  Brown. 

Paul   Brown. 

Adnlph-is    P>usch. 

Janus  C,.  Butler. 

JnnU'S    Campbell. 

Murray   Car  lei  on. 

Pierre 

Seth    W. 

Janus-  F.    Coyle. 

George   'I'.   Cram. 

John    I).    Davis. 

\.    DC    Menil. 
S.    M.    Dodrl. 
L.    D.    Do/ier. 
Harrison    I.    Drummond. 
R.   B.   Dula. 
George   L.    Edwards. 
Howard  Elliott. 
S.   M.   Felton. 
David  R.  Francis. 
Nathan   Frank. 
A.    H.   Frederick. 
August   Gehner. 
Norn's    B.    HI. 


DIRECTORS. 

W.   T.   Haarstick. 
A.    B.    Hart. 

Walker  Hill. 
John  A.  Holmes. 
D.  M.   Houser. 

C.  H.  Htittig. 
M.   E.  Ingalls. 
Breckinridge  Jones. 
S.  M.  Kennard. 
Goodman   King. 

W.  J.   Kinsella. 
Charles  W.  Knapp. 
Dr.    J.   J.    Lawrence. 
W.   11.   Lee. 
F.    W.    Lehmann. 
\Vin.   J.    Li--ni)i. 
J.   \V.   McDonald. 
Thos.  11.  McKittiick. 
Geo.  A.  Madill. 
c.    F.    (I.    Meyer. 
Isaac  W.  Morton. 
F.   G.   Niedringhaus. 
W.    F.   Nolker. 

D.  C.  Nugent. 
Peter  A.  O'Neil. 
Edward  S.  Orr. 
George   W.    Parker. 
H.  Clay  Pi 
Joseph  Ramsey.  Jr. 
David    Rankin.   Jr. 
Jonathan  Rice. 


Clark   H.   Sampson. 
Julius  J.   Schotten. 
John    Schroers. 
Isaac   Schwab. 
K.   M.   Scruggs. 
John   Scullin. 
A.    L.    Shapleigh. 
J.  E.  Smith. 
C.  H.   Spt>i> 
Samuel  Spencer. 
W.  C.  Steigers. 
H.  \v.  Stelnbi 
Walter  13.   Stevens. 
Char;.  -    A.    Si  i\. 
R.  II.  Si  nekton. 
Win.  H.  Thompson. 
Charles  H.  Turner. 
J.   J.   Turner. 
J.  C.   Van  P.larcom. 
Festus  J.  Wade. 
C.    P.    Walbridge. 
Julius  S.   Walsh. 
C.   (.;.   Warner. 
W.  B.  Wells. 
Chas.  F.  Wenueker. 
J.  J.  Werthcimer. 
Edwards  \Vhitaker. 

A.  A.  B.  Woerheide. 
Wm.  H.  Woodward. 
Ceo.    M.    Wright. 

B.  F.    Yoakum. 


Universi 
South 
Libn 


